MARITIME ZONES (DELIMITATION) ACT - 1986 (PNDCL 159)
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(1) It is hereby declared that the contiguous zone of the Republic shall be that zone contiguous to the territorial sea which may not extend beyond twenty-four nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
(2) In the contiguous zone the Government may exercise the control necessary to:
(a) prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations;
(b) punish infringement of such laws and regulations if the infringement is committed within the territories of Ghana or the territorial sea.
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(1) It is hereby declared that the exclusive economic zone of the Republic is that area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea which does not extend beyond two hundred nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
(2) In the exclusive economic zone the Republic shall, to the extent permitted by international law, have-
(a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing the natural resources, whether living or non-living, of the waters superjacent to the sea-bed and of the sea-bed and its subsoil, and with regard to other activities for the economic exploration and exploitation of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds;
(b) jurisdiction in accordance with the provisions of the Convention with regard to:
(i) the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures;
(ii) marine scientific research;
(iii) the protection and preservation of the marine environment;
(c) such other rights and duties as are provided for in the Convention.
(3) The lines delimiting the outer limits of the exclusive economic zone shall be shown on official charts of a scale adequate for ascertaining their position.
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(1) It is hereby declared that the continental shelf of the Republic shall comprise the sea-bed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond the territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to a distance of two hundred nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.
(2) The Government shall exercise over the continental shelf sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring the continental shelf and exploiting its natural resources.
(3) The rights conferred under subsection (2) of this section shall not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters or of the airspace above those waters.
(4) For the purposes of this section the natural resources of the continental shelf shall consist of the mineral and other non-living resources of the sea-bed and subsoil together with living organisms belonging to sedentary species which at the harvestable stage, either are immobile on or under the sea-bed or are unable to move except in constant physical contact with the sea-bed or the subsoil.
(5) The lines delimiting the outer limits of the continental shelf shall be shown on official charts of a scale adequate for ascertaining their position.
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The lines of delimitation of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf as drawn on official charts shall be conclusive evidence of the limits of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf as specified by sections 1, 5 and 6 of this Law.
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(1) The Provisional National Defence Council may by legislative instrument, make regulations for giving full effect to the provisions of this Law.
(2) Regulations made under this section may prescribe a penalty for an infringement thereof of a fine not exceeding c500,000 or a term of imprisonment not exceeding fifteen years or both and may also require the forfeiture of anything used in the commission of the offence.
(3) Where an offence under any regulations made under this section is committed by a body of persons-
(a) where the body of persons is a body corporate every director and officer of the body corporate shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence, and
(b) where the body corporate is a firm every partner of the firm shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence:
Provided that a person shall not be deemed to be guilty of an offence by virtue of this subsection if he proves that the act constituting the offence was committed by a person other than himself and without his knowledge or connivance and that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence having regard to all the circumstances.
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